PRLog Free Press Release | + Bookmark This Page |
Filter News
Category
Accounting Advertising Aerospace Affiliate Program Agriculture Apparel Architecture Arts Automotive Banking Beauty Biotech Books Business Computers Construction Consumer Coupons Deals Defense Education Electronics Energy Engineering Entertainment Environment Event Family Fashion Finance Fitness Food Free Games Government Health Hobbies Home Home Business Human Resources Industrial Insurance Internet Jewelry Legal Lifestyle Literature Loans Manufacturing Marketing Media Medical Mobile Mortgage Movies Multimedia Music Non Profit Open Source Pets Photography Property Publishing Real Estate Religion Reports Research Restaurants Retail Science Security Semiconductors Services Shipping Shopping Society Software Sports Technology Telecom Textile Tourism Transportation Travel Wireless Country
Afghanistan Aland Islands Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Anguilla Antarctica Antigua & Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bosnia & Herzegovina Botswana Brazil British IOT Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Côte D'ivoire Central African Republic Chile China Colombia Congo, The DR of Costa Rica Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Estonia Ethiopia Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Polynesia Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Guatemala Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Republic of Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao PDR Latvia Lebanon Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Macedonia Malaysia Maldives Malta Mauritius Mexico Moldova, Republic of Monaco Morocco Namibia Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Réunion Romania Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Scotland Serbia & Montenegro Seychelles Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Taiwan Tanzania, United Republic of Thailand Timor-Leste Tonga Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turks & Caicos Islands Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States United States MO Islands Uruguay Vanuatu Venezuela Viet Nam Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, U.S. Zambia Zimbabwe State / Province Select
Country FirstCity / Town Select
State First |
Geckos Walk On Walls Because Of Electrostatic Attraction Caused By Dust Nanoparticles
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE PRLog (Press Release) – Jan 08,
2009 – Since Aristotle, how geckos are able to climb up and down walls
and run across ceilings has captured the interest of mankind. The earliest
report of research directed to the gecko's secret was recorded in 1872.
Recently, considerable research has identified the mechanism that holds
the gecko to walls and ceilings to be the van der Waals (vdW) force.
The vdW force was originally formulated to describe the attractive force that holds atoms together in a gas, the gas atoms separated by a few angstroms. But the attraction of the gecko differs in that their toes cover a large area compared to that of the atom, and therefore it is unlikely that all atoms on the gecko’s toes contact those in the wall surface within a few angstroms. In the alternative, perhaps Nature had a different mechanism in mind for holding the gecko to the wall and ceilings. For time immemorial, nanoparticles (NPs) have been ubiquitous and have attached to all surfaces on earth. Nature by providing the gecko with toe-hairs to detach millions of NPs from surfaces is shown to produce electromagnetic (EM) radiation that by the photoelectric effect charges the gecko toe-hairs negative and surface positive to allow the gecko to walk on walls and ceilings by electrostatic attraction. See www.nanoqed.net at link "Gecko's" The physics may be understood by simple quantum mechanics (QM). Since attached NPs are a physical extension of the walls and ceilings which are macroscopic, the atoms in these surfaces including those in the attached dust NPs are not under EM confinement that by QM are allowed to have full thermal kT energy which is EM. Here, k is Boltzmann’s constant and T absolute temperature. But the gecko by stepping on these surfaces detaches dust NPs with his toe-hairs. The atoms of the dust NPs in the detached state differ from those in the attached state in that they are under EM confinement at vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) levels that by QM are restricted to vanishing kT energy. Hence, the full kT energy remaining in the dust NPs from the attached state is now in excess of that allowed by QM, but how may this excess kT energy be conserved? Usually, EM thermal kT energy is conserved by an increase in temperature. But the specific heat of dust NP atoms may also be shown to vanish at VUV levels, and therefore the excess kT energy cannot be conserved by an increase in temperature. Another way is to treat the dust NP as an EM confinement for the excess kT energy to adjust to the optical boundary conditions of the spherical NP. Since NPs have EM confinement frequencies at VUV levels, and since the lowest frequency allowed in the NPs is the EM confinement frequency, the low frequency EM thermal kT energy is frequency up-converted to VUV levels by quantum electrodynamics (QED). Conservation then proceeds by the NPs emitting a burst of VUV radiation that Einstein’s photoelectric effect charges the walls and ceiling positive while the liberated electrons charge the toe-hairs negative. A 100 nm NP produces a charge of about 5 fC which in an electric field of 3 million volts / meter produces an attractive force of about 15 nN. For the gecko weight of 70 grams, the necessary electrostatic force is 0.7 N which requires about 45 million NPs which is common on dust coated surfaces on earth. The gecko is therefore held to the walls and ceiling by electrostatic attraction caused by dust NPs. Apparently, Nature’s intent for the gecko’s toe-hairs was a nano-brush to detach NPs from walls and ceilings.. # # # About QED induced EM radiation: Classically, thermal EM radiation conserves heat by an increase in temperature. But at the nanoscale, temperature increases are forbidden by quantum mechanics. QED radiation explains how heat is conserved by the emission of nonthermal EM radiation. To embed this press release, copy and paste the following HTML code into your webpage-
Email to a Friend Visit Press Room Previous News Next News
Disclaimer: Issuers of the press releases are solely responsible for the content of their press releases. PRLog.Org can't be held liable for the contents of the press releases. Report Abuse Latest Press Releases From “QED induced radiation”
Upcoming Press Releases...
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||